Cómo conseguimos estrellas de cine

by | May 27, 2020 | Actores | 99 comments

Las primeras películas no tenían historias, ni estrellas, ni sonido. Una película popular en los años 1890 era dos chicas desnudándose junto a un lago. Justo antes de que se quitaran sus últimas prendas, un tren pasó para bloquearles la vista. En la siguiente escena las dos chicas estaban nadando en el lago. La película fue un éxito en todo el país.

Un viejo granjero fue y vio esta misma película durante semanas y semanas. Un día el gerente del teatro bajó y dijo: “Di viejo”. Todos los días mostramos la misma película con las chicas, el tren y el lago y todos los días sigues volviendo.” “¡Bueno hijo, uno de estos días espero que el tren llegue tarde!”

Historia mundial del cine

Muchos de los primeros actores de la película se contentaban con permanecer en el anonimato, razonando que los nuevos parpadeos eran una novedad y dañarían su reputación en el escenario legítimo. A menudo se esperaba que trabajaran todo el día. Sus tareas incluían martillar clavos, pintar el set, recoger basura y levantar equipo pesado. No había remolques, ni prebendas, ni glamour, ni casas grandes. Un director de casting podía encontrarse con un periodista en la calle y contratarlo como actor principal por cinco dólares al día. A las damas de la noche se les daba trabajo simplemente porque proporcionaban sus propios armarios. Al no saber sus nombres reales, la película que se hacía pública le daba a su actor favorito apodos apropiados como “el niño” o “el vaquero”. La creciente curiosidad que rodea a las identidades llevó al nacimiento de revistas de aficionados al cine como Photoplay en 1909. Pero temiendo que sus actores exigieran grandes salarios, los productores se negaron a revelar sus nombres.

Uno de los propietarios de cines más importantes era un ex gerente de una tienda de ropa de Oshkosh, Wisconsin, llamado Carl Laemmle, el eventual fundador de Universal Studios. En 1909 estaba harto de comprar películas de Thomas Edison y decidió hacer las suyas propias. Laemmle escuchaba todas las noches, mientras sus clientes salían del cine; muchos discutían con entusiasmo sobre los actores en la pantalla. Decidió que si iba a producir sus propias películas las vendería creando una estrella.

Películas clave de la historia del cine

No perdió tiempo en contratar a una actriz de veinte años llamada Florence Lawrence, conocida por el público como la Chica Biógrafa por el estudio para el que trabajaba. Una historia tenía al Laemmle de cuatro pies dirigiendo una redada de medianoche de Biograph donde se llevó a su nueva estrella por encima del hombro. Luego anunció su nombre real y su salario de 250 dólares a las nuevas revistas de fans y luego arregló su misteriosa desaparición.. Han secuestrado a la pobre Florence, ¡quizás incluso la han matado!” dijo a la prensa.

Durante las siguientes semanas los americanos siguieron la saga en los periódicos, hubo varios informes falsos de juego sucio. Una cuenta hizo que Florence fuera asesinada por un tranvía. Entonces, como preacordado por Carl Laemmle, Florence resurgió “milagrosamente” en St. Louis donde fue asaltada, su ropa fue arrancada por fans contratados. Y así Florence Lawrence ganó una gran cantidad de seguidores. Las películas con su nombre en la marquesina comenzaron a venderse como pan caliente.

Unos años después estaba trabajando en una película cuando se produjo un incendio en el set. La joven Florence arriesgó valientemente su vida para salvar a sus compañeros actores y el incidente la dejó temporalmente paralizada. Para cuando se recuperó, nadie la contrató. Pero aunque terminó en la oscuridad, Florence Lawrence fue la primera estrella de cine.

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